Personal and family history of cancer and the risk of Barrett's esophagus in men

The association between Barrett's esophagus (BE) and a personal or family history of cancer other than gastroesophageal remains unknown. To evaluate the effect of personal and family history of certain cancers and cancer treatments on the risk of BE, we analyzed data from a Veterans Affairs case‐control study that included 264 men with definitive BE (cases) and 1486 men without BE (controls). Patients with history of esophageal or gastric cancer were excluded. Patients underwent elective esophagogastroduodenoscopy or a study esophagogastroduodenoscopy concurrently with screening colonoscopy to determine BE status. Personal and family history of several types of cancer was obtained from self‐reported questionnaires, supplemented and verified by electronic medical‐record reviews. We estimated the association between personal and family history of cancer or radiation/chemotherapy, and BE. Personal history of oropharyngeal cancer (1.5% vs. 0.4%) or prostate cancer (7.2% vs. 4.4%) was more frequently present in cases than controls. The association between BE and prostate cancer persisted in multivariable analyses (adjusted odds ratio 1.90; 95% confidence interval 1.07–3.38, P = 0.028) while that with oropharyngeal cancer (adjusted odds ratio 3.63; 95% confidence interval 0.92–14.29, P = 0.066) was attenuated after adjusting for retained covariates of age, race, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia, and proton pump inhibitor use. Within the subset of patients with cancer, prior treatment with radiation or chemotherapy was not associated with BE. There were no significant differences between cases and controls in the proportions of subjects with several specific malignancies in first‐ or second‐degree relatives. In conclusion, the risk of BE in men may be elevated with prior personal history of oropharyngeal or prostate cancer. However, prior cancer treatments and family history of cancer were not associated with increased risk of BE. Further studies are needed to elucidate if there is a causative relationship or shared risk factors between prostate cancer and BE.     

结直肠癌肝转移相关microRNA的研究现状

肿瘤的转移是一个多步骤复杂的过程,肝转移是结直肠癌最常见的转移方式之一,对转移机制的理解和深入研究有助于寻求解决结直肠癌肝转移的方法,当前研究认为microRNA参与了肿瘤的转移与复发,通过对结直肠癌肝转移相关microRNA的研究,为疾病的发生发展、诊断治疗及预后等方面的研究提供了新的思路。归纳了结直肠癌肝转移相关microRNA的研究进展,回顾了microRNA的生物学功能以及分子机制,表明microRNA在肿瘤转移领域具有重要的意义,尤其在结直肠癌肝转移方面发挥着重要的作用。     

Report of a case: Retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with rapid progression

IntroductionRetroperitoneal mucinous cystic neoplasms are uncommon, and little is known about the etiology of the disease. Malignant forms of these are extremely rare. Here, we report a case of primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (PRMC), which demonstrated unexpectedly aggressive progression despite finding only a limited area of adenocarcinoma.Presentation of caseA 62-year-old woman with a complaint of abdominal discomfort was admitted to the hospital. Abdominal CT and MRI showed multiple large retroperitoneal cysts dislocating the right kidney nearly to the center of the abdomen. Transabdominal resection of the cysts was performed. Those cysts contained 1100 ml of mucinous fluids in total. Cytological examination of those fluids revealed no malignant cells. The cyst wall was lined with mucinous epithelial cells, and contained some ovarian-type stroma. Also, there was a focal area of adenocarcinoma in the cyst wall, and the lesion was diagnosed as primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Eight months later, the patient developed lumbar bone metastasis. Chemotherapy with S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine, and docetaxel had been begun immediately; however, the disease had rapidly spread in the retroperitoneum. Eventually, the patient died of the disease 15 months after surgery.DiscussionRetroperitoneal mucinous cystic neoplasms are considered to be metaplasia of embryonal coelomic epithelium. Complete excision without rupture is essential. However, variance of biological aggressiveness might exist in PRMCs.ConclusionRetroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a rare tumor, and it is urgently necessary to elucidate the etiology of an effective therapy for the disease.     

阳性淋巴结对数比在胸段食管鳞癌患者长期预后中的预测作用

目的评价阳性淋巴结对数比(LODDS)在预测不同胸段食管鳞癌患者长期预后中的作用。方法回顾性分析731例食管鳞癌根治术后患者临床资料,分析LODDS在全组患者、术后淋巴结阴性患者和术中清扫淋巴结数目<12枚患者中预测预后的价值。结果LODDS与阳性淋巴结个数和术中淋巴结清扫数目均显著相关(r=0.696、-0.530,均P=0.000)。ROC曲线分析结果显示LODDS最佳截点值为-1.028。多因素分析结果显示患者性别、年龄、食管病变部位、pT分期、阳性淋巴结个数和LODDS值为全组患者生存和术中淋巴结清扫数目≥12枚患者OS的独立影响因素(P<0.05);患者性别、年龄、食管病变部位、pT分期和LODDS值为术后淋巴结阴性患者生存的独立影响因素(P<0.05),而pT分期和LODDS值为术中淋巴结清扫数目<12枚患者OS的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论LODDS可以作为不同胸段食管鳞癌根治术后患者的独立性预后指标。     

Effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal complications and nutritional status of postoperative patients with esophageal cancer: A protocol of randomized controlled trial

Background:Gastrointestinal complications and malnutrition are common problems that affect postoperative rehabilitation and survival of patients with esophageal cancer. Evidence has shown that probiotics have a positive effect on improving gastrointestinal complications and nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer after surgery, but there is a lack of prospective studies on this topic. We designed this prospective randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal complications and nutritional status in patients with postoperative esophageal cancer.Methods:This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. It was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of our hospital. 192 patients will be randomly divided into probiotics group and the placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. After operation, probiotics and placebo will be given orally for 8 weeks. The indexes of nutritional status and incidence of digestive tract complications will be recorded and the data will be analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software.Discussion:This study will evaluate the effect of probiotics on gastrointestinal complications and nutritional status of postoperative patients with esophageal cancer. The results of this study will provide clinical basis for the use of probiotics in postoperative treatment of esophageal cancer.Trial registration:OSF Registration number: D DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/QHW86     

2020年ASCO《卵巢上皮性癌胚系和体细胞肿瘤检测指南》解读

        2020年初美国临床肿瘤学会（American Society of Clinical Oncology，ASCO）首次在Journal of Clinical Oncology发布了《卵巢上皮性癌胚系和体细胞肿瘤检测指南》［1］。该指南以2007—2019年间发表的6篇Meta分析、11篇随机对照试验、2篇观察性研究的相关文献为主要参考依据，为卵巢上皮性癌肿瘤基因突变检测相关临床应用和实施提供了指导和建议。该指南的框架架构由背景、方法、结果、推荐、医患沟通、健康差异、成本影响等十几个板块组成，主要阐述了3个主要问题：应在哪些个体中进行胚系和体细胞突变肿瘤风险评估、咨询和基因检测，哪些胚系基因突变已经被证明对卵巢癌临床治疗有指导价值，以及最合适的卵巢癌基因突变检测时机。本文对该指南进行剖析和解读，以期为卵巢癌基因检测的临床应用提供相关依据和指导，为卵巢癌的规范诊治提供借鉴，也为国内同道制定相关指南提供参考。 浏览更多请关注本刊微信公众号及当期杂志。